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"The data from these collisions enables us to map the decay and transformation of unstable particles into more stable byproducts." HEP is renowned for its pioneering research into quarks, of which there are six types, or flavors. “We don’t see antimatter in our world, so we have to artificially produce it," he says. It is in the debris of these collisions that scientists such as Ivan Polyakov, a postdoc in Syracuse’s HEP group, hunt for particle ingredients. The more energy the LHC produces, the more massive are the particles-and antiparticles-formed during collision. The answer may lie at CERN, where scientists create antimatter by smashing protons together in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the world’s biggest, most powerful particular accelerator. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in Switzerland is the world's biggest, most powerful particle accelerator. Thus, Stone and his LHCb colleagues have been searching for subtle differences in matter and antimatter to understand why matter is so prevalent. Obviously, that didn’t happen,” he says in a whiff of understatement. “If the same amount of matter and antimatter exploded into existence at the birth of the Universe, there should have been nothing left behind but pure energy.
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The question on Stone's mind involves the equal-but-opposite nature of matter and antimatter. Panofsky Prize in Experimental Particle Physics. “That’s why there is so little naturally occurring antimatter in the Universe around us,” says Stone, a Fellow of the American Physical Society, which has awarded him this year's W.K.H. When matter and antimatter particles come into contact, they annihilate each other in a burst of energy-similar to what happened in the Big Bang, some 14 billion years ago. Precision studies of hydrogen and antihydrogen atoms, for example, reveal similarities to beyond the billionth decimal place. Every particle of matter has a corresponding antiparticle, identical in every way, but with an opposite charge. "Till then, we need to await theoretical attempts to explain the observation in less esoteric means," he adds.
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“It’s a milestone in antimatter research.” The findings may also indicate new physics beyond the Standard Model, which describes how fundamental particles interact with one another. "There have been many attempts to measure matter-antimatter asymmetry, but, until now, no one has succeeded,” says Stone, who collaborates on the Large Hadron Collider beauty (LHCb) experiment at the CERN laboratory in Geneva, Switzerland.
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Mesons are subatomic particles composed of one quark and one antiquark, bound together by strong interactions. Stone and members of the College’s High-Energy Physics (HEP) research group have measured, for the first time and with 99.999-percent certainty, a difference in the way D0 mesons and anti-D0 mesons transform into more stable byproducts. Quarks are elementary particles that are the building blocks of matter. Distinguished Professor Sheldon Stone says the findings are a first, although matter-antimatter asymmetry has been observed before in particles with strange quarks or beauty quarks. Physicists in the College of Arts and Sciences (A&S) have confirmed that matter and antimatter decay differently for elementary particles containing charmed quarks.
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